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BATTLE OF SURABAYA.

 


Battle Of Surabaya's text structures


Orientation  

On 10 November, Indonesia celebrates Hari Pahlawan or Heroes Day in remembrance of the Battle of Surabaya which started on that very date in the year 1945. The bloody battle took place as Indonesians refused to surrender their weaponry to British army which was part of the Allied forces then. The defiant Bung Tomo is the well-known revolutionary leader who played a pivotal role in this battle.  


Events  

It all started due to a misunderstanding between British troops in Jakarta and those in Surabaya, under the command of Brigadier A. W. S. Mallaby. While Brigadier Mallaby already had an agreement with Governor of East Java Mr. Surya that British would not ask Indonesian troops and militia to surrender their weapons, a British plane from Jakarta dropped leaflets all over Surabaya requesting Indonesians to do otherwise on 27 October 1945. This action angered the Indonesian troops and militia leaders because they felt betrayed.  


On 30 October 1945, Brigadier Mallaby was killed as he was approaching the British troops’ post near Jembatan Merah or Red Bridge, Surabaya. There were many reports surrounding the death but it was widely believed that the Brigadier was murdered by Indonesian militia. Looking at this situation, Lieutenant General Sir Philip Christison brought in reinforcements in preparation of sieging the city.  


In the early morning of 10 November 1945, British troops began to advance into Surabaya with cover from both naval and air bombardment. Despite the heroic resistance from the Indonesians, half of the city was conquered within 3 days while the whole battle lasted for 3 weeks. In total, between 6,300 and 15,000 Indonesians died while casualties on the British side are only numbered at about 600. 


Reorientation

Battle of Surabaya caused Indonesia to lose weaponry which hampered the country’s independence struggle. However, the same battle provoked Indonesian and international mass to rally for the country’s independence which made this battle es pecially important for Indonesian national revolution








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